When the concept of "doll" is considered in the context of African culture, they are usually not children's playthings, but rather objects that are laden with ritual and religious associations within the community. African dolls are used to teach, and entertain, they are supernatural intermediaries, and they are manipulated for ritual purposes. The Ndebele are one of the smallest cultural societies living in northeast South Africa in an area called the Transvaal or KwaNdebele, northeast of the capitol, Pretoria. They were originally part of the migration of Bantu cultural groups from Central and East Africa into southernmost Africa around 300-400 AD. Their artistic culture is rooted in centuries of traditional tribal customs. The Ndebele are known all over the world for the intricate geometric designs in their beadwork as well as their painted houses. . Women are the supreme Ndebele artists and design and paint the houses as well as creating the beadwork. Their beadwork is made using many colors and designs similar to their house paintings. Many beadwork pieces are interesting in that the beadwork stands alone without backing sewn to it. The weaving process is done by hand and there is no loom. Ndebele women adorned themselves in a way that is an immediate identifier of her age and marital status to anyone who can read the "code". She wears her identity around her waist in the form of an intricately beaded apron, and there are several types. After marriage, dresses became increasingly elaborate and spectacular. In earlier times, the Ndebele wife would wear copper and brass rings around her arms, legs and neck, symbolizing her bond and faithfulness to her husband, once her home was built.